Hermel, Lebanon’s Best-Kept Secrets: Untold Stories, Lost Heritage, Hiking, Rafting & Stargazing
Nestled at the farthest reaches of northern Bekaa, the district of Hermel, Lebanon, belongs to the Baalbek-Hermel Governorate. It descends from Qornet El Sawda, Lebanon’s highest peak, and can be accessed via two main routes—either through the Baalbek district or via the rugged terrain of Akkar. Bordered to the south and east by Baalbek, to the west by Akkar and Dinniyeh, and to the north by Syria, Hermel lies approximately 143 kilometers from Beirut, with an average elevation of 780 meters above sea level.
Flowing through this district is the Al Assi River which has long contributed to the region’s tourism boom. The riverbanks are lined with charming cafés and restaurants, while the thrilling sport of rafting in Al Assi River draws adventurers from Lebanon and beyond.
Centuries of history have also left behind a treasure trove of less-known archaeological sites and cultural landmarks, some of which I will explore here. Notably, many locals rely on trout farming as their main source of income, making Hermel one of Lebanon’s top suppliers of this sought-after fish in local markets.
Stargazing & Wilderness Escapes in Hermel: A Celestial Adventure
Our journey begins on a night so clear that the stars seem close enough to touch, their brilliance stretching endlessly across the sky. Nestled in the remote mountains of Hermel, far from city lights, this hidden gem offers one of the most breathtaking stargazing experiences in Lebanon. On moonless nights, the Milky Way unfurls in dazzling detail, painting a surreal spectacle that feels like a scene from a dream or a masterpiece of digital art.
For those who seek a deeper connection with nature, eco-conscious camping sites provide the perfect retreat. Set amidst scattered juniper forests, these locally managed hideaways offer traditional Lebanese meals, along with eco-friendly lodging in clay-built rooms or cozy tents, equipped with warm lighting, hot water, and essential comforts. Here, the night is spent in awe of the celestial wonder above, until sleep gently takes over in the early hours.
As dawn breaks, the rising sun—nature’s grandest star—ushers in a new adventure. The crisp morning air is invigorating, setting the perfect stage for outdoor exploration. Whether it’s cycling along rugged mountain trails, rock climbing, hiking through scenic paths, or simply wandering through nature’s embrace, the mild temperatures of the season make every activity even more exhilarating. After a thrilling morning, a well-earned break awaits, complete with a delicious, locally-prepared meal, before continuing the day’s discoveries in Hermel’s untamed wilderness.
Exploring Hermel’s Ancient Cottages: Lebanon’s Forgotten Rural Heritage
Scattered across Hermel’s remote highlands, traditional stone cottages stand as living relics of the region’s agricultural and pastoral heritage. These huts, passed down through generations, serve as shelters for farmers and shepherds seeking refuge from extreme heat or cold.
Typically rectangular, they are built around sturdy native trees such as junipers and oaks, whose trunks act as the central support pillars. The walls, made of rugged stone, hold up roofs crafted from a blend of clay, poplar and oak branches, and a locally sourced plant called kibkab—a resilient, spiky shrub known for its insulation properties and resistance to harsh weather conditions.
One of Hermel’s most iconic trees, the juniper (lazzab), has flourished here for over a thousand years. What makes this tree truly remarkable is its unique reproduction process—it can only grow if its seeds pass through the digestive system of specific birds, including robins, quails, and swallows.
Initially cone-shaped, the juniper eventually takes on varied forms, reaching heights of over 20 meters. Its resin is a primary food source for bees that produce juniper honey, celebrated as one of the finest honeys in the world. Beyond its ecological benefits, a single juniper tree absorbs pollutants from the air while releasing up to 50 tons of oxygen, making it an essential guardian of the environment.
Assi River Rafting & Kayaking in Hermel: The Ultimate Whitewater Adventure in Bekaa
What could be more refreshing and exhilarating than rafting and kayaking on the Assi River, one of Lebanon’s most scenic and adventure-packed destinations? Flowing through Hermel in the Bekaa Valley, the Assi River is a whitewater paradise that attracts thrill-seekers, nature lovers, and outdoor enthusiasts. Unlike most rivers in the region, it defies nature by flowing from south to north, earning it various names, including "The Upside-Down River," "The Great River," "Al-Mimas," and "Orontes."
With its fast-moving rapids, stunning landscapes, and cool water temperature year-round, this river offers one of the best rafting and kayaking experiences in Lebanon. The journey down the river is filled with natural beauty, passing by lush greenery, limestone cliffs, and historical landmarks.
The Origins of the Assi River: A Mystical Connection
The Assi River's main source, Ain Al-Zarqa, emerges near the historic Grotto of Saint Maroun, adding a mystical and historical touch to its already captivating presence. This pristine blue spring has long been revered for its spiritual significance, as it is linked to early monastic settlements and Roman-era infrastructure. The cool, refreshing waters of the river originate from underground springs, making it an ideal spot for adventure activities, especially during Lebanon’s hot summer months.
Rafting & Kayaking: What to Expect?
Both rafting and kayaking on the Assi River offer different levels of rapids, making it suitable for both beginners and experienced adventurers. Professional guides ensure a safe and thrilling ride, taking participants through various rapids, scenic spots, and narrow water channels along the river.
Rafting Difficulty Levels: A mix of moderate to challenging rapids.
Kayaking Experience: Perfect for both beginners and experts, with calm sections for leisure paddling and faster-moving waters for thrill-seekers.
Duration: Trips usually last 1.5 to 2.5 hours, depending on the water level and chosen route.
Equipment: Life jackets, helmets, and paddles are provided by local adventure clubs.
Kayakers can enjoy more freedom and control while navigating the river’s twists and turns, while rafting offers a team-based adrenaline rush, perfect for groups and families.
Beyond Water Sports: A Full Experience in Hermel
After an adrenaline-filled day of rafting or kayaking, visitors can return to the base for a well-deserved meal, prepared with fresh local ingredients. Traditional Lebanese dishes such as grilled trout, tabbouleh, hummus, and locally made cheeses are commonly served, offering a true taste of Hermel’s rich culinary traditions.
The Grotto of Saint Maroun: A Lost Religious and Historical Landmark in Lebanon
Hidden deep within the cliffs overlooking the eastern banks of the Al Assi River, the Grotto of Saint Maroun sits near Ain Al-Zarqa Spring. Perched about 100 meters above a steep descent into the valley below, this cave is believed to have served multiple roles throughout history.
Scholars suggest it was a prehistoric shelter before being fortified by the Romans around 200 BC, transforming it into a defensive outpost and a housing complex for laborers constructing aqueducts to supply Palmyra with water. This earned it the title "The Palace of the Builders." While some speculate the nearby Roman Bridge over the Assi River was part of this infrastructure, there is no definitive archaeological proof.
Later, the site became a monastic retreat, associated with Saint Maroun, the 4th-century ascetic whose followers established the Maronite Church. A powerful legend passed down for generations tells of a tragic massacre where hundreds of monks—possibly 400—were slaughtered after their refuge was discovered. This story has cemented the grotto’s place in Lebanese Christian history, turning it into a symbol of faith and sacrifice.
Today, the cave remains a pilgrimage site and a cultural treasure, yet it is largely neglected and occasionally used by shepherds. It also faces growing threats from erosion and human activity, further endangering its historical integrity. Preserving the Grotto of Saint Maroun is crucial to safeguarding Lebanon’s deep historical and spiritual roots, ensuring that future generations can experience and honor its enduring legacy.
The Hermel Pyramid: Lebanon’s Forgotten Monument of Mystery
The Hermel Pyramid, also known as Qamouaa Hermel or the Palmyra Pyramid, stands 26 meters tall and remains one of Lebanon’s most mysterious monuments. Believed to date back to 150–175 BCE, it is thought to be a funerary monument for an Iturean noble, a Roman-era tomb, or a watchtower overlooking trade routes to Palmyra. Some legends claim it was built in memory of a Persian king’s son killed by a wild boar, though no inscriptions confirm this.
Despite its historical and strategic significance, the pyramid suffers from erosion and vandalism, including graffiti defacing its surface. Though largely overlooked, it remains an important landmark of Lebanon’s Hellenistic and early Roman heritage, underscoring the need for preservation and further research.
Beyond Adventures: A Full Experience in Hermel
After an adrenaline-filled day of rafting or kayaking, visitors can return to the base for a well-deserved meal, prepared with fresh local ingredients. Traditional Lebanese dishes such as grilled trout, tabbouleh, hummus, makdous, and locally made cheeses and labneh are commonly served, offering a true taste of Hermel’s culinary traditions.
Hermel Adventure Guide: Best Time for Hiking, Rafting & Nature Escapes
As the weekend approaches, I invite you to immerse yourself in the breathtaking landscapes of Hermel, where adventure, history, and nature blend seamlessly. To connect with locals and experience Hermel’s hidden gems firsthand, feel free to reach out to me.
The best time for hiking in Hermel is during spring and fall, as summer’s heat and winter’s cold can be too extreme for outdoor exploration.
For rafting, the ideal season is May, June, and beyond, when the Al-Assi River’s water flow decreases, creating a safer yet exhilarating experience. One of the most magical aspects of rafting here is gliding alongside graceful ducks, a serene contrast to the rush of the rapids. Before setting off, trained guides provide expert safety instructions and equip visitors with life jackets, helmets, and paddles. Whether you’re seeking a thrill-packed ride or a gentle scenic float, you can choose between long and short rafting routes tailored to different skill levels.
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